Killer-pattern catalog · public

The ten ways ideas die.

A guide to the most common reasons startup ideas die. Real anonymized examples. Counter-examples for the rare ones that survive.

B2C consumer trap

K2 · §3.1.4 · Sub-$10 ARPU ceiling

A consumer app where individual people pay little, leave quickly, and cost a lot to reach. The trap is treating a huge audience as a real market. A large number of possible users does not matter if each user is hard to win, easy to lose, and not forced to keep using the product. Unless the product already has cheap distribution or a network effect, meaning each user makes the product more useful for others, the money usually breaks first.

Signs your idea has this

  • 01The buyer is an individual person, not someone with a company budget.
  • 02The monthly price is low.
  • 03The growth plan depends on ads, app-store discovery, or generic content.
  • 04People already handle the job with a free app, notes, spreadsheets, or memory.
  • 05People must stay motivated, but nothing forces them to come back.
  • 06The pitch leans on a huge market size and a tiny share assumption.
  • 07There is no network effect, owned content, or device lock-in yet.

Public idea database

No public examples yet. The idea database is still small, and we are not making one up.

Rare survivors

Duolingo

Survived through years of brand, daily habit loops, huge content depth, and organic growth before revenue became the main question.

Strava

Survived because training with friends, device connections, and athlete identity gave people a reason to return.

Why this pattern exists fundamentally

Consumer attention is hard to get, and consumer willingness to pay is thin. Free substitutes, ad-funded incumbents, and casual churn set a brutal ceiling. Durable B2C, meaning business-to-consumer, usually needs network effects, owned content, or hardware and identity loops that most early products do not have.

Related patterns

Got an idea that looks different? Run the same framework before building.

Check whether consumer money kills it